Research: Editting - Ms Begum

Editing

What is editing?

- Editing is one of the most important technique being used in media industry. 

- Editing can be seen when we notice how it is joined together at certain points, each scene will take up for a few seconds or a few minutes

- The speed of editing is an important micro-element because it helps to create the excitement and heart-pounding by speeding up at the key moment in thrillers. Speed also create chill-excitement, sad, or fear by slowing down before or after key moments to calm the atmosphere and kept the movie inflows. This makes the audience feel fast-paced and excited while observing the speeding scene and calm down at the slowing scene. A good editing could make a massive impact within the movie production, it can make a bad movie looks good and catchy within the use of editing in the right way. The length of each shot or scene helps to determine the mood.

Speed of editing:

Films are joined together at certain points. The length of each shot determines the pace of the film and helps determine the mood.
-  Slow motion is the action of showing film or playing back video more slowly than it was made so that the action appears to be much slower than in real life.

- Slow editing is when clips are put together at a slower pace and this is to create suspense and capture action. For example this video clip down here is an example of a film called 'Undisputed 2', the use of slow editing helps to highlight the fighting skills of the fighter and helps to makes the audience feel excited as they admire the sensational actions in this scene.

- Fast editing is when a scene is being edited at a  faster face to engage the audience attentions as they would like to catch all the scene in the amount of time where each scene is being putted. For example this video down here is an example from a film called 'Fast and Furious 6', the use of fast editing showing the extremely dangerous car racing and everything was in fast paced. This makes the scene looks more realistic and believable. This helps to engage the audience to the scene and make them feel excited and worried as the scene raise them up to climax and create chill-excitement towards the audience.

- Straight cut is when one shot moves into another shot in an edit and it does not confuse the audience. This clip down here is an example of a film called 'Undisputed 3', the use of straight up cut makes sense to the eye and does not confuse the audience as they observe a intense fighting scene. Straight cut also allows the audience to see everything that happens in different angles so they won't miss out a thing from this scene.

- Fade to back is when one shot goes/moves into another and there is black filter in between. For example this is a trailer from 'White House Down', fade to black editing in this clip is being used to shorten up the film and only highlights the important scene from the whole movie and wrap it up to a short trailer to tease the audience. This would helps to makes the audience to feel curious and wants to find out about this movie.

- Wipe cut is when she shot slides into another. This video clip down here of 'Star War' is an example of wipe cut, the use of wipe cut allows the new scene being displayed and helps the audience to understand the movie as the narrative is being developed through the use of this editing.

- Dissolve is when one shot disintegrates into another. For example, this is a trailer from a film called '8 rules of fight club', the use of dissolve/morphing effect in here helps to make the audience aware of the characters that appears in the trailer and identify who they are and also to avoid confusion.

- Reaction shot is any shot often used as a cutaway in which a subject reacts to a previous shot. This is a scene from a film called 'World War Z' is an example of reaction shot. There are a lot of reaction shot being used in this scene showing how the characters reacts when they find out that they are in danger and there's no way to escape. This has been used to show the audience how the characters react and shows that they're hopeless. This helps to creates fear and makes the audience feel sympathy towards the characters as they anticipate to see a horrible scene.

- Montage is the speed of editing, where shots  are quickly juxtaposed together to create excitement. This video down here is an example of a film called 'Se7en', the use of montage editing creates confusion towards the audience as the scene is showing a lot of random information and leads the audience to be clueless of what is going on in th

- 180 degrees rule is when a hypothetical line drawn between two or more actors. The camera must not shoot on the other side of the line and this is because it can confuse the audience and also shooting will not be consistent.

- Shot reverse shot is mostly used in films where a conversation is taking place and it is when one quickly follow another. This clip down here is an example of a scene from a film called 'Dark Night Rises', the use of shot reverse shot allows the audience to follows the conversation between characters within the scene to provide all information and develop a clearer narrative.

- Jump cut is a drastic camera movement that is noticeable to the eye. The shot/edit is almost 'jump'. This is an example of a scene from a film called 'Erin Brockovich', the use of jump cut allows the audience to feel sympathy towards the characters feelings.

Trailers and use of editing

Editing is being used of almost every single trailer in all type of genre in the media industry. This is because it helps to create understanding and develop a narrative in a shorter way but also conventional to the genre it belongs to. The common types of editing thrillers tend to use are shot reverse shot, fade to black, reaction shot, dissolve, slow editing, fast editing and many more. All of these editing techniques helps to create anticipation towards the audience within the narrative of the film.

Scene analysis

This is a scene from a film called 'World War Z', I will identify and analyse the use of 3 types of editing in this scene. First of all, we can see the use of reaction shot of the family inside the car right after when the police man got hit by the truck, this creates fear and chill-excitement towards the audience as it happens so suddenly that no once would expect that to happen.
Second of all, the use of fast editing through out this whole clip makes the audience feel excited and creates confusion as they don't know what's going on in this scene almost like a riot, this helps to makes the audience to feel petrified as if they're involve in the scene and makes the audience feel worried and  anticipate something bad is happening but they can't seem find out what causes all of this.
Lastly, the use of straight cut allows the audience to catch every single details of this scene to make sure they understand and don't miss out anything, this helps to build up tension and creates an intense atmosphere and also develop a clear narrative to make sure the audience don't get confuse.

Conclusion

All the information above has helped me to have a wider understanding of how editing can be used in thrillers and how it creates different connotations towards the audience. I am planning to use as many type of editing as possible to helps my thriller to be understood by the audience and avoid confusion and also to gain as many marks as necessary.

Research: Narrative Themes - Ms Begum

Narrative Themes

What are themes?

- Themes are the topics of ideas within a film to creates understanding and meaning to a movie. For example revenge and obsession are the 2 sub-genre of thrillers. This provides informations to helps the audience to understand the description and understand what the movie is about.

- The elements within the narrative that are conventional to the genre/sub-genre.

How are themes dependent on genre?

Themes are important and depends on other genres because it allows the audience to identify what is the main theme of the movie and also conventional to the thriller genre. This allows the audience to feel the emotions within the movie and feel sympathy for the characters and events that are being displayed. This also helps the audience to relate and create understanding towards the characters. If the themes are not include any relation towards the audience, this would create confusion and and will not allows the audience to empathise towards the movie as it has no relation to the genre. For example, a romance film would expect a theme where it includes love, pain, and obsession. This would helps the audience to identify and understand the concept of the movie whereas  an action film would expect a theme where it includes crime, death and revenge. This would helps the audience to understand the description and understand what the movie is about.

Common themes in thrillers

- Death:

- Obsession:


-Revenge:


- Love:

Crime:




Pain/Torture:
 

These examples are the common themes in thrillers because they have a clear structure and easily understood by the audience and they are also conventional to the genre.

 

 This is a trailer from a thriller movie called 'Warm Bodies', this is an example of thriller themes mixing with other themes from different sub-genres. The theme in this thriller movie trailer are death, love, pain and relationship. These themes are structure well in this thriller because they are easily understood by the audience and helps them to easily identify the description of the movie. This also helps to not confuse the audience mind towards the narrative and still stay conventional to the genre.

 

Conclusion

All of the information above has helped me to understand the importance of themes and how themes are dependent on genres. The themes that I'm planning to use in my thriller are Death, Revenge and Obsession. This is because these themes are common to thrillers and conventional. Also, these themes will not create confusion towards the audience.

Research: Narrative theory - Ms Begum

Narrative theory

What is narrative & why is it important to audiences?

- Narrative is a storyline that is used and followed throughout a film. It includes everything that goes on in the movie and creates more meaning towards the audience. A narrative should be understood easily by the audience unless it is deliberately altered to cause confusion. A narrative is essentially what happen in the film and how it happens.

 

The four elements that allows the audience to find meaning from are:

- The connotation and denotation: this allows the audience to read between the line to give true meaning of a scene, object or emotion towards the viewers.

- Genre: this shows how conventional it is and what makes it conventional genre-wise.

- The structure: this allows the audience to understand from the start, middle and end without getting confused.

- The characters: giving the audience meaning of the narrative and understands the characters.

 

PROPP - Film as fairy tale

- Propp is a theorist that came up with an idea of creating film with a narrative that determined by the fairy tale characters. Characters have a narrative function, they provide a structure for the text.

 

PROPP's characters:

- The hero

- The villain

- The donor

- The dispatcher

- The false hero

- The helper

- The princess

- Her father (the king)

 

Stage 1: The complication (the hero plans action against the villain)

Stage 2: The transference (the hero reacts to the donor)

Stage 3: The struggle (the villain has to be overcome)

Stage 4: The return (the hero arrives home and is not recognised)

Stage 5: The recognition (The false hero or villain is unmasked)

 

TODOROV

- Todorov is a theorist that came up with an idead of creating a film with a narrative that have a clear structure of a start, middle and end which he named equilibrium, disequilibrium and new equilibrium. This type of narrative allows the audience to understand the structure of the movie and have a clear understanding of what's going to occurs and how will it end.

 

TODOROV's theory:

- Equilibrium (start): how the characters appear stable at the beginning.

- Disequilibrium (middle): something disrupting happens and a change occurs which needs to be resolved.

- New equilibrium (end): usually disruption is sorted and the narrative is closed.

 

Understanding the narrative stages:

- A recognition that the disorder has occured.

- An attempt to repair the damage of t he disruption.

 

ARISTOTLE - the importance of plot

- Aristotle is a theorist that came up with an idea of a narrative that have a beginning, a middle and an end. the events must casually relate to one another as being either necessary of probable.

- It is important to arouse emotion from the audience and this is mainly within tragedy (fear&emotion).

 

BARTHES - semiology within narrative

- Barthes is a theorist that came up with an idea of narrative that can be define by using the five following things:

1. Action - understanding and resolution is understood by the action seen.

2. Enigma - reases the audience by presenting a puzzle or riddle that needs to be solved.

3. Symbolic - connotation

4. Semic - denotation

5. cultural understanding - events which can be recognised as being part of a culture.

- In my opinion, thrillers tend to take Todorov's and Barthes narrative structure because its has a clear start, middle and end and also suitable to the thriller genre as it is conventional. It is important because it helps to make the audience to understand the narrative clearly without being confused and lost track from the movie.

 

Conclusion

- All the information above has helped me to develop a deeper understanding about narrative structure and theorist that came up with different style of narrative structure in the media industry. I am planning to use Todorov's and Barthes to develop my own narrative and to gain as many marks as necessary.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



Research: Mise en Scene (Setting and Iconography) - Ms Begum

Mise en Scene

Setting and Iconography

What is setting?

- Setting is the location of where a film is being set to make it conventional to the genre it belongs to.

- Setting is important in thriller because it makes the movie more conventional to its genre and creates numbers of different connotations and denotation based on just one location and how it looks.

For example, when a movie is being set in the forest with a house in the middle of nowhere, an old isolated looking house, this would make the audience understand the genre of this movie and have different connotations just by looking at the location. For example, the connotations of the house would be haunted, abandoned, isolated, death, rape etc. This helps to make the audience to have different thoughts and ideas in their mind that this is a thriller movie and expect to see something bad to occurs even though the denotation of it is just an old scary looking house. 

The typical thriller setting are:

- Old & deserted house, the connotations from the audience of this location would be haunted, isolated, ghost, spirit. This helps to creates fear towards the audience and makes them feel uncomfortable. This leads the audience to have ideas of bad things to happen in this location such as spiritual, suicidal etc but denotation wise, it's only an old house.

- Forest, the connotations from the audience of this location would be intimidating, mysterious, patronising, and dangerous. This helps to make the audience to anticipate different ideas of what bad things could happen in this place such as rape and murder etc. This helps to create a chill-excitement towards the audience and makes them feel frightened just by thinking about this location even though the denotation of it is just a dark forest at night time.

Setting and sub-genre

- Setting also dependent on different sub-genre to make the movie more interesting and engage more actions to build up tensions and create sensational/ suspenseful actions.

- Action thriller: the setting would be in the bank, street, underground, air plane & club etc...

- Sci-fi thriller: the setting would be in the lab, space station, factory, military base etc...

- Crime thriller: the setting would be in the street, home, basement, bank, forest etc...

- Psychological thriller: the setting would be in the hospital, church, house, prison etc...

 

What is iconography?

- Iconography is the objects that cause significant to the scene.

- Iconography is important to thriller because it helps to highlight its genre and make it more conventional to thrillers. Iconography helps to creates many different connotations and denotation in thrillers.

For example, if the antagonist is holding a knife, this would make the audience understand the intentions it creates from the antagonist and the connotations from this would be murder or suicidal. This helps to make the audience to anticipate bad things to occurs within the use of this iconography such as killing, robbing or self harming etc. This helps to creates fear and build up tension towards the audience as they will expect to see something disturbing even though the denotation of it is just a knife.

Iconography in thrillers normally are blood, mirror, weapons, money & scary tree etc. Iconography in thrillers are also mixed with other iconography from different sub-genre to creates more meaning to the movie and makes the movie more enjoyable. For example:
- Knife
- Machete
- Saw
- Smokes
- Guns
- Drugs
- Toys

This is scene from a thriller film called 'Saw'. As we can see this scene is being set in a factory basement, just by the location this already give the audience ideas to suggest the feelings of isolation and that this movie is thriller related and helps to create fear. This also helps to make the audience to anticipate something horrific would occurs and tension is being created. As we can also see the iconography in this scene are blood and make-up, the use of these iconography connotates that the character is being torture or brutally attacked. This makes the audience to feel uncomfortable and sympathy towards the victim due to his horrific injuries and helps to create chill-excitement. This makes the scene look more realistic and engage the audience attentions towards the movie. 

Conclusion

- All the information above has helped me to develop a deeper understanding of how setting and iconography could creates different connotations and denotations towards the audience. The type of setting I'm planning to use are street, underground, or ceremony and the type of inocography are blood, weapons and make-up. I am looking forwards to use as many type of setting and iconography as possible to gain as many marks as necessary.

Research: Mise en Scene (Costume, body language and facial expression) - Ms Begum

Mise en Scene

Costume, Body Language and Facial Expression

What is Costume?

- Costume is what the characters wear in the film.

- This should be conventional to the genre.

- This should be easily read by the audience and allows them to interpret the characters and their intentions.
- In thriller films, conventional characters are antagonist, protagonist, the female victim and the child.

The antagonist usually wear dark colour clothes with a mask purposely to hide their identity and create fear, plus curiosity to the viewers. They often looks serious and carry dangerous weapons to show their intentions in thrillers. They're also hide their identity by having long messy hair with their face covered with face paints. This makes the audience feel patrified and panick when seeing the antagonist face. Steoreotypically, this allows the audience to easily identify this character as the evil character.

The protagonist usually wear nice clothes could be bright or could be dark colour to shows that they're justice and almighty. They often looks kind, smart, confident and also serious in different situations. They also carry weapon and normally in a rescue to show their intentions in thrillers. Stereotypically, this allows the audience to identify them as the hero.

The female victim in thrillers usually looks attractive and girly. Their costume would be white and normally have blonde hair, this makes them look physically weak and vulnerable. Their hair and make-up often looks clean and tidy to attracts the audience and to shows that they are innocent which also shown that they have no dark intentions in thrillers. Stereotypically, this allows the audience to easily identify them as the victim.

The child in thrillers usually looks similar to the female victim. Their costume would be in bright colours to shows that they are clueless and innocent. Also the child might be the evil character in thrillers, their costume would be in bright colour covered with blood or dust, their hair might be messy to creates fear. They often hide weapons under their costume to creates unexpected moment to lead the audience to climax. This allows the viewers to identify them as the victim or villain based on their costumes.

What is Body Language?

- Body language is a character actions, their movements and they way they present themselves.

- The way characters hold themselves or act, will be conventional to the other films of the same genre.

- The body language helps the audience to understand who they are and how they will be presented.

The conventional body language of the antagonist are tall, muscular, confident and strong. This represent them as the evil character, they often look confident, arrogant and looks like they're ready to hunt or commit a crime.  Stereotypically, this is conventional to thriller genre because it makes the audience response by being frightened towards the character because they see them as the villain.

The conventional body language of the female victim or the child are small, girly, innocent and vulnerable. This represent them as the victim, physically weak and always end up in danger. Steoreotypicaally, This is conventional to thriller genre because it makes the audience response by having sympathy towards the character because they see them as the victim.

The conventional body language of the protagonist are also strong, muscular, smart and confident. This represent them as the hero and the saviour. Stereotypically, this is conventional to thriller genre because it makes the audience response by being admire and have faith on the character because they see them as the superior.

What is Facial Expression?

- Facial expression is how the characters emotions are portrayed to the audience. The look on their face and the meaning this creates to the audience.

The conventional facial expressions for the antagonist are serious, scary looking and cold blooded. This represent themselves as the evil character, this helps to create fear from the audience as they will feel uncomfortable and frightened when looking at the antagonist face. Steoreotypically, the audience can easily identify this character as the antagonist.

The conventional facial expressions for the female victim and the child would be innocent, attractive and clueless. This represent themselves as the victim, this helps to create vulnerability and requires sympathy from the audience's. The child could be an evil character, their facial expressions would be screwing, straight looking to creates discomfort towards the audience because they see them as the antagonist. Stereotypically, this allows the audience to identify them as the victim or villain.

The conventional facial expressions for the protagonist are attractive, smart/serious, confident and strong. Steotypically, this represents themselves as the superior, this helps to makes them look more powerful and gain more faith from the audience as they see them as the hero character. This

In thriller films, conventional characters are antagonist, protagonist, the female victim and the child.

This is an opening scene from a thriller film called 'Halloween'. As we can see the female victim is in her school uniform with a pink jumper showing the stereotype of a typical blonde girl. This shows that she's innocent and vulnerable. She looks relax as she's in a safe environment, she is also flirting with her boyfriend in her front room. This makes the audience to not anticipate anything bad to occurs yet as she's secure within her own home. She also look quite small and short showing that she's physically weak and pure. She looks comfortable as she is brushing her hair in her bedroom.
However, as the female notice the antagonist is standing behind her and ready to kill, she started to panic and her body language curls up as she's trying to defend herself. She looks confused and petrified as she's being attacked from the mysterious killer and her facial expression was screwing and suffering from the pains. This makes the audience to feel sympathy towards the female and makes the audience to questions themselves who is the killer behind the mask and are able to see the victim's being attacked from the killer's views.
The killer appears to wear a clown Halloween costume with a mask and holding a knife with blood stain on it. As the killer moves around the house, he looked confident and calm as he know what he's going to do and where he's going. This makes the audience feel curious as their view is limited from the killer's point of view so there's not information being provided to the audience. After killing, his identity is being reveals by his parents and appears that he was an innocent little boy with a emotional-less face showing that he's confuse and unaware of what happened. This makes the audience feel shocked as they've found out the killers identity and wouldn't expect the killer to be a little boy.

Conclusion

- All the informations above has helped me to have a deeper understanding of how costume, body language and facial expression are conventional to thrillers and creates different emotions and connotations. I am planning to use all of these elements in an effective way so the audience could tell the different between each characters, also through body language and facial expression to gain as many marks as necessary.

Research: Mise en Scene (Lighting + Colour) - Ms Begum

Mise en Scene

Lighting and Colour

What is lighting & colour?

- Lighting and Colour can be used to highlight the importance of characters or object within the frame.
- Lighting and Colour is an important convention to thriller because of it helps to convey mood and atmosphere in a scene/film. It can also guide the audience's attention to a particular object, person, emotion or gesture. Lighting can also be used to cast shadows to build tension and suspense.

Angles of lighting

Under lighting: is the light that comes from below the person. This tend to have a distorting effect on the character. In the image, the use of under lighting makes the character appear to look scary as you can see shadows casted on his face and he looks distorted. This will scare the audience.

Top lighting: is the light that comes from above, high lighting the features of a character. Often creates a glamorous look in a character. In the image, the use of top lighting makes the character appear to look mysterious as the we can see that the character is emerging from the shadows. This will make the audience to anticipate bad intentions coming from this character.

Back lighting: the light source is behind the person. If little or no light is used, silhouettes are created. In the image, the use of back lighting makes the characters looks scary and shady as their identity is being hidden and makes them look more powerful as they're those who are standing up and killing the victim.

Type of lighting

Low-key lighting: the lighting is dark with small areas of light, which also creates shadows.

High-key lighting: is the lighting that appears more natural however clearly brighter than natural.

Natural lighting: is when no lighting has been added, it is what you expect to see.

Low-key lighting is conventional to thriller because it helps to creates a dark and dangerous atmosphere where the dark is taking over and the audience can only see a little bit of light. This helps to build up tension, fear and creates suspense and sensational actions in a scene/movie.

Colour in scene

- Colour in scenes have different connotations to them and can give different interpretations of the scene. For example:

Orange: Action-Adventure.













Red: Soft Horror.













Blue: Action Thriller


















Green: Sci-fi Thriller













Dark Blue/Black: Horror














Colours that are conventional to thrillers are red, dark blue and black because it helps to make the scene/film look isolated surrounding by the dark atmosphere creating mysterious and evilness. The colours are also have different connotations from the audience to interpretate each colour to represent different objects or emotions in certain ways.

The combination of low-key lighting and back lighting in the first scene when the female victim is being followed helps to create fear and curiosity towards the audience as they can see the victim is frightened and trying to escape from the antagonist. Also they want to finds out who is the antagonist and for what reason is he following the female. This allows the audience to anticipate something bad would occurs and also helps to creates a suspenseful action in this scene. This makes the audience feel sympathy towards the female and question themselves why has he chosen to follow her and curios about his identity.

Conclusion

All the informations above has helped me to have a deeper understanding of how lighting and colour is being used and have different connotations in thrillers. I'm planning to use under lighting and low-key lighting as they are conventional to thrillers for my AS coursework purposely to help me tp gain as many marks as necessary.

Scream Analysis - Ms Begum

Scream Analysis

How is the opening sequence of scream conventional to a thriller opening? 

In this essay, I will analyse the opening scene from a well known film called 'Scream'. I will explain how the opening sequence of 'Scream' is conventional to thriller openings by using the micro-elements editing, sound cinematography and mise en scene. I will identify the meaning of these elements and responses it creates within the viewers. The scene begins with a young teenager at her home alone and ends with her dead body hanging on the big tree opposite her front door where her parents witnesses her death.

The scene opens with a non-diegetic sound when the title appears, the audience can hear a girl screaming and suddenly change into a phone call. This allows the audience to note what type of genre this movie is and engage their attentions to find out about what the movie is about. This scene is set in the female victim's home, through the establishing shot, this reveal the location of her house which was set in the middle of nowhere which highlights it could be a danger atmosphere. This leads the viewers to have an idea of the female victim would not be heard if she's in danger, despite the victim's feeling safe when she's at home. This allows the audience to recognise that she's innocent and vulnerable. As the audience know that she's home alone in a big isolated house, this makes them feel sympathy towards the female victim and expect something bad to occur.


As she received a phone-call, the female victim appears with a very calm and relaxed  in a cream blouse and a pyjama trouser which portrays her pureness and vulnerability and physically weak, plus security within her own home. In addition to this, when the female is being attacked, the use of iconography which is blood contrasted with the white clothing which produce a much more dramatic effect than if her clothes were to be in darker colour. This is also use to creates stereotype. This makes the audience feel content as she's enjoying the conversation and look very comfortable within her own home. During the phone-call at the start, her body language appears to look sloppy and her facial expressions appears to be flirty and smiling. This makes the audience to not anticipate anything to happen to her yet because she's casually enjoying what she's doing which she was planning to have a movie night for herself. Again with her casual body language which she looks very relaxed and comfortable, this helps the audience to easily identify her as the victim.


The female starts to get discomforted and paranoid as her body language starts to curl up and starts hiding when the antagonist said her name without her letting the killer knows. The use of non-diegetic sound here was soft, spooky & eerie. It built up slowing by using drum bass representing her heart beat rising when the killer said 'I like you' to the female. This creates confusion and fear towards the victim and audience. Also the use of parallel sound in here allows the audience to observe the conversation from both sides of the phone-call, mixed with close up shots of the female facial expressions as she was concerned and petrified. The used of iconography here which is a 'home-phone' which means no harmful, suddenly turns into a dangerous objects where her identity is being shown through a phone-call. The female victim seems to be moving around the house looking carefully everywhere, this suggests that she's paranoid and terrified., this leads the audience to have an idea of her being followed and she will end up in danger. While the female was moving around the house, through the use of long shot, this allows the audience to see all the entrance and exits around the house. This helps to creates more fear and excitement as the female character was afraid to get out of the house. This makes the audience feel sympathy towards the female as she will end up being kill even if she's outside of her house.


Initially, the antagonist appears with a white mask and a black cloak which contrast to the female victim's clothes, this represent the sense of 'good vs evil'. This shows that the killer is trying to hide his identity and represent evilness & dark through the black colour and also the blood look invisible in black which makes him more mysterious and scary. This helps the audience to easily identity him as the antagonist and because of his identity is being hidden, this creates fear and excitement towards the viewers as they will be curious to find out about him. The antagonist is being presented as big, tall and holding a knife showing that he's going to kill the female victim. The use of iconography which is the knife makes him look more dangerous and powerful. This makes the audience to anticipate that he's going to commit murder.



As the antagonist enter the house, the use of low key lighting within the scene allows the killer to look invisible and mysterious which creates suspense and excitement towards the viewers as they can hardly see the killer movements. This helps to boost up the audience curiosity and makes them feel excited to find out who the antagonist is & what is he going to do. The lighting also allows the tension to be built up and change the mood in the scene when the characters are in darkness. This helps to create vulnerability and creates fear additionally to the audience as they observe the scene.